Leadership Development Plan Essay

Section 1: What is Leadership and What Kind of Leader are You? Leadership means influencing others towards a common goal. This was how I viewed leadership ten weeks prior, before I started this online class. The definition itself stems from experiences brought about by memberships of the Junior Jaycees, university student councils and medical organizations. Extracting the definition comes easily. It may be correct but not necessarily complete. It is implementing it that’s tricky. Previously, I viewed leadership as it is in a box. A common goal is handed out to you. Then you’ll have to pick out which roads to travel to reach that goal. There was no formal training. At the conclusion of this course, the leadership definition above still holds true. But it is not as it is in a box anymore. It’s like trying your hand at golf. You may score a hole-in-one without perfecting your swing. But crafting your swing based on appropriate training and stance would definitely increase your chances of achieving that hole-in-one. The journey towards that coveted hole-in-one would be more meaningful as it would be objectively guided. According to Dan Clark1, â€Å"Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent†. Based on this definition and the concepts learned during the course, I would view myself as using more of the ‘transformational’ leadership style with a tinge of ‘transactional’, and just currently implementing the ‘empowering’ style. Transformational leadership entails inspiration and the conversion of a follower’s motivational state.3 I have always evoked inspiration as a leader, ever since I started taking responsibilities in small organizations in high school. This was how I managed to extract a good outcome out of the members. The transactional aspect just came into existence on an accidental discovery. Having been raised frugal, I used to just purchase myself a warm creamy Starbucks coffee on a really bad day as a pick-me-up. When I felt good after a sweet sip at the start of the day, I noticed my productivity increased. So, I bought some for my staff. It was the best day ever at work. Everyone shared a smile despite the high workload and stress. This also strengthened my bond with the staff. They viewed the free morning gourmet coffee as a personal reward. So once in a while, I give out incentives to staff to boost up their creativity and efficiency. That small gesture of a gourmet coffee led to gift cards, birthday party celebrations, etc. On the other hand, the empowering style of my leadership has just been developed during this course. It is indeed a new concept and is a work in progress. It does make sense. Not only would I be able to delegate tasks to the members, but this would also foster ownership and further training for them. Empowering the staff would increase their self-esteem, skills and productivity. There is a lot of overlap between the leadership styles and collaborative leadership. According to The Community Toolbox by the University of Kansas2, the traits of collaborative leadership can be summarized as follows: †¢ Collaborative problem-solving and decision-making. It’s not the leader’s job to decide what to do and then tell the group. Rather, the group considers the problem, decides what to do, and counts on the leader to help them focus their effort . †¢ Open process. The leader, or some other interested party, doesn’t just start with his goals in mind and steer the group in that direction. Collaborative leadership means that the process of decision-making is truly collaborative, and has no set end-point when it begins. The end result is worked out among all the participants: that’s collaboration. †¢ Leadership of the process, rather than the group. The purpose of collaborative leadership is to help the collaborative process work, rather than to lead the people involved toward something – to a particular decision, for instance, or in a particular direction. For me, ‘collaboration’ is taking all of the leadership styles mentioned above and gently infusing them into your members’ style, so that they would be leaders in their own small fields as well. This would definitely not unfold itself overnight but would definitely entail tons of patience and training, as well as rewards. With these concepts, equipped with the course discussions and readings, which were applied to experiences in the past, present and the future, led me to the discovery of my own authentic leadership. We all have the capacity to inspire and empower others, but we must first be willing to devote ourselves to our personal growth and development as leaders4 to attain success. How we lead others is indeed a product of our life stories and hardships. It is for this reason that finding out your own authentic leadership should begin with awareness of self and the environment. In lieu to this, the leadership development plan would serve as the first step towards discovering my authentic leadership. The objectives of this leadership and development plan are as follows: a) Based on the assessment questionnaires done, on top of the concepts learned in class, I would be able to increase my awareness of self and environment, acknowledging my strengths and weaknesses. b) By summarizing the concepts significant to my situation, I would be able to discover my current leadership style and modify or develop it as best as possible according to what I have learned. c) I would be able to create a specific action plan towards the development of my authentic leadership style. d) I would be able to apply the modified leadership style on a real-life situation. By preparing this leadership and development plan, I hope to achieve the objectives as listed above. This would serve as my unbiased guide as I embark on my most significant real-life leadership journey, which actual ly started a few weeks ago. Section 2: Lessons Learned This course has defined some previously unknown leadership traits and taught me lessons that would be valuable tools for the development of my authentic leadership style. I have summarized them as follows: a) Awareness of self and environment Awareness of self and the environment have been recurrent themes during the whole course. I should agree that I have unfolded some layers of myself as the weeks went by. I have repositioned myself in my career environment differently. Working as a primary care physician and opening up a new private practice during the current economic environment requires a lot of courage. The Obamacare health plans have recently reduced reimbursements to physicians. Although some positive changes are already in effect, health insurances still remain a huge business industry in which patients and physicians fall victims of. Having a Protean Career Orientation, and being aware of it through the assessment questionnaires, provided a cushion against these changes. Nothing provides more reassurance than knowing that regardless of how difficult the business climate might be, my boundaryless career orientation would somehow survive and prosper. Of course, the latter depends on the subjective definition of success. Having filled out the â€Å"Meaning of Career and Life Success† questionnaires helped confirm what matters to me as I find my way through this journey. Helping other people, achieving a work/life balance and personal growth have been consistent in what I want in life and career. This is important because the health care system for physicians has been very rigid. With a young career, as mine, most of my colleagues resort to being employed and managed by hospitals or larger private groups. It is not financially conducive to open up a private practice at the onset. So, I am technically swimming against an opposite current, and the lessons from the readings have pushed me into moving forward despite of. I do not deny, of course, that there would be tough moments when I sometimes get tempted to choose the easy path and revisit the generous employment offers I had. When this does occur, the Protean trait comes in handy and muffles out all doubts and anxiety. b) Leadership style/vision In a few weeks, I will be managing a business on my own. This definitely requires a multitude of organizational skills. As much as I have already implemented most of the lessons learned in this course, I would still be requiring the assistance of and probably revisit these reviews most often. The transition from being an employee to embracing an employer status would surely extract all the leadership qualities that I could muster. First off, I envision myself as a collaborative leader, making more use of the transformational as well as empowering leadership styles with a tinge of transactional method as well. The balance of these techniques depends on every situation I would encounter. Empowering others and myself has been one of my strengths, mainly because helping out and teaching have always been my calling. This would definitely come in handy when I exercise these different leadership styles. Furthermore, I also want to be a leader who would embrace technology and use all resources available in my grasp for the betterment of the organization. Currently, social media has done away with geographical barriers. When used appropriately, it would also bridge the cultural gap and communication barriers within the company. I wonder what the outcome would be if I implement a supervised â€Å"facebook/twitter† equivalent among the staff and management, tapping into hidden resources and skills within the group. In my line of business, I want recommendations from patients and staff heard. But because the latter sometimes become hesitant to give out ideas, it is difficult to pry their walls open unless they feel comfortable to expose themselves. That would be interesting to see. I bet there are still tons of instances when you can make technology work for you. I would want to be that kind of leader who listens to those needs/changes and responds appropriately, with or without technology. On the other hand, aside from leading with both the head and the heart, I also want to lead by example. I have been raised with a solid Catholic foundation and ethics. I want to employ this kind of culture in my organization and allow it to trickle down to the staff as well. I have seen a lot of employer physicians take advantage of employed doctors due to monetary benefits. There is nothing wrong about prioritizing the balance sheets and net profits, as long as you have not crossed the ethical boundary lines. Business should be practiced with a conscience. c) Leadership behavior changes When work demands increase, I find myself accidentally encroaching on family life. This is why the readings on work/life balance impacted me the most. The assessment questionnaires on this topic realigned my priorities. My husband and I, both physicians, strive so hard to give our two young children the quality time they deserve. From the onset, I have done away with inpatient practice and just focused on working in an outpatient setting with no weekend calls. Although most of the time, office hours go beyond the usual 8am-6pm schedule, as we tend to finish patient charts on time and actually sometimes bring work home. From the lessons learned, I have learned to balance work/life more in terms of quality and quantity of time. Instead of restricting my kids’ schedule and designing it to accommodate mine more, I have given up some activities that would take away parent time. For instance, instead of attending a dinner lecture presentation for continuing medical education, I would just spend this time with my family and read up on the topic whenever I can during work time. Another topic that brought great impact to me was on managing the boss. As a leader, you have to stay in tune to the needs of your superiors as well as your subordinates. The lessons learned from these readings were an eye-opener. I have experienced instances when I went beyond the employed physician job description. The intentions were noble as I saw opportunities for improvements. However, my superiors took these the wrong way. Awkward relationships would have been avoided then. Now I definitely know better.

Story of an Hour: Symbolism

During Kate Chopin’s marriage she resided in Louisiana where the laws favored the husband in a type of patriarchal code. At the time women were subjected to a lesser role and the husband’s will was freely imposed upon their wives. In â€Å"The Story of an Hour† much of Chopin’s desire for the prospect of freedom is reflected to us through the character of Mrs. Mallard. The societal norms of the late 1800’s dictated that women would assume the feminine role and live for their husbands; as a woman’s place was to reside in the shadow of her man. Through the rich use of symbolism Chopin illustrates how the confinement created by social inequality illuminates our innate desire for freedom. The heart is a repeated conventional symbol used that reinforces Mrs. Mallard’s internal and external restrictions set upon her. â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (115). Immediately it is revealed that Mrs. Mallard suffers from heart trouble that not only is the cause of her death, but a burden she carries throughout the story. The heart is often used to symbolize a loving relationship, but here her troubled heart symbolizes her troubled marriage. Just like her heart she has no control over her marriage and she constantly feels the imposing will of her husband lurking around. The news of her husband’s death acts as a catalyst and sets off a chain reaction of repressed emotions within Mrs. Mallard that ignite her awareness of what has occurred. With the presence of her husband evaporating from her conscience, the prospect of freedom is so tantalizing that she cannot help but feel pure bliss. The shackles placed on her by her husband were as real as her troubled heart, and with his passing these shackles were unlocked and she had been set free. â€Å"Free, free, free! † (116) as â€Å"Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body† (116). Both her body and mind had been revitalized; she was free to live. Just like the literal use of opening a window, the open window Mrs. Mallard gazes out of symbolizes the releasing of her past life, and replacing it with the new uninhibited world she now has access to. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. † (115). In contrast to her heart troubles and the death of her husband, there was a world teeming with life in front of her. The open window presented the ideal view of tree tops full of life and the scent of the rain beckoning at her. Perhaps this world was always there, but the mere existence of her husband inhibited her field of vision leaving her to only see what he saw. Although the world around her had not changed, the realization that she was her own woman now was enough to alter her perspective. The monotone and bleak world she once saw was now abundant with songbirds and vibrant colors. All the restrictions had been lifted off of her shoulders like fresh air coming through the now open window. Freedom was a few mere steps away for her, ready to be seized. Death can be interpreted in many ways, but in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† death symbolizes the greatest freedom attainable. It is an ironic freedom as Mrs. Mallard will never be aware that she has obtained it, but nonetheless it will forever be hers. Death is straightforward, because in death we lose everything. When Mrs. Mallard suddenly dies from the sight of her unscathed husband, the doctor comes to the conclusion that â€Å"she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills† (116). The doctor assumes that her death was caused by the joy from her husband, whom she thought to be dead, but in fact something else has caused it. Mrs. Mallard died from the shock created by the mere idea that her new found freedom and self possession was to be stolen from her. Having just attained her sense of self possession, she immediately knows that the presence of her husband means going back to the confined life she knew. She would be the wife living, even cowering under the power her husband held. â€Å"She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long† (116). Day to day life under the power of her significant other was detrimental to Mrs. Mallard and it was only yesterday that she hoped for a quick death and freedom. Mrs. Mallard’s fear of losing her new found freedom displays how significant being free was to her. The loss of her freedom created more of a shock then the death of her husband and perhaps it was her fate to die by the hands of her husband. Whether it was literally by her husband’s hands, her own suicide, or her heart giving out, they all reflect back on the husband and the social inequality she felt. Unable to withstand the impact of losing herself once more, Mrs. Mallard was literally left heartbroken and embraced the freedom that death offers us all. As the title suggests â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is contrived within one hour and the use of time symbolizes the ticking away of our being and subsequently our freedom. An hour is a rather short amount of time but, as shown in the story, a lifetime’s worth of repressed emotions can be unleashed in an hour’s time. Mrs. Mallard goes through a personal metamorphosis during this hour as she processes everything that has unfolded before her. In conjunction with her desire to be free, Mrs. Mallard also celebrates how her remaining time is her own. Recognizing that she no longer is marginalized by her husband, life now belongs to her. â€Å"Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own† (116). Every day is now her own masterpiece, no longer will she be subjected to the feminine role society has decided for her. Perhaps Mrs. Mallard may not have been counting the minutes for her the news of her husband’s death, but when the opportunity presents itself her deeply buried desire to be free rises up to the surface and shows how potent it truly is. Ironically, Mrs. Mallard only had enough time to briefly savor the taste of freedom, before being dragged down into the belly of death. Widely viewed as an early feminist writer, Kate Chopin addresses the social inequality of the late 1800’s through the marriage of Mrs. Mallard and how freedom is essential to our being. Mrs. Mallard’s ailment of a weak heart provides symbolic evidence to conclude that she carries the burden of unequal strengths in her marriage. Her heart is weakened by a one-sided relationship and in conjunction with the oppressive nature of marriage creates a life in which she is held prisoner to the will of her husband. After the death of her husband, the once closed window to self possession and fulfillment is unlocked without a trace of regret. No longer oppressed, the mind and body see â€Å"there were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds† (115) and the innate desire to run free and escape is unleashed. No longer oppressed, the desire to be free from social injustice and inequality possesses Mrs. Mallard, letting her exuberance run wild. In the midst of triumph we often lose our sense of time and how fragile life is. Death lingers around everyone and is the inevitable end, but perhaps it is the absolute freedom. In death we lose everything, but ironically, we gain an unclaimed freedom. Mrs. Mallard’s inevitable death is not caused by her own weak heart, but her husband’s oppressive role which forced her into the clutches of eternal freedom. Her need for freedom transcended her physical need for life and in death her desire for freedom is satiated.

Causes of American Revolution

The main point of the revolution was so that the American people can gain the respect and freedom that was rightfully theirs. The British were in high debt and decided that a fast and easy way to make revenue was by taxiing Americans and having them provide housing for British troops in America out of their own pocket. Some of the taxes put up against Americans were the sugar act of set higher duties ion sugar and lower on molasses. The tea act of 1773 which reduced the price of tea yet gave monopoly to companies in eastern India.Not all of the new laws from Britain were allowed one of which was the stamp act 1766 which placed a large variety of taxes on certain legal documents. Shortly after while British were facing a small depression they passed the town shed acts of 1767 which had placed taxes on everything from clothes to paper to tea. They American people were not very pleased with all of these new taxes. American citizens started protesting against British laws and doing whatever they could to not have to follow them.As Americans started rebelling against the British, battles were rising all over the nation. First was the rebellion in Boston, as we know the Boston tea party, where Americans snack onto ships and dumped many boxes of tea into the harbor. Now, around this time everyone could say that Americans had been irritated a great deal because they were being pushed around as if they were babies. They started circulating letters and newspapers on how what the British were doing was unfair and that something should be done, and something definitely was.Thomas had written and circulated a pamphlet titled common sense and provided a thoughtful set of reasons on why for our Independence. The next step was taken Into the hands of congress which ordered a committee to write a more formal document t on our reasons for Independence. Writers chosen were Benjamin Franklin; John Adams; Roger : and also had thoughts offered by Robert . Though the document was fully written by Thomas Jefferson everyones ideas were equally expressed shortly and explicitly.The British were not very happy with the Declaration of Independence, which eventually started the war. Through out the beginning of the war the British seemed to be winning until the battle of Saratoga where it had important results. The French now saw that the British were now trying to negotiate with Americans to return to the status of 1763(what they originally asked for). Yet the victory at Saratoga showed the French that Americans a chance of winning the war. Another Important battle was the battle of valley forge where about 2500 soldier side of poor clothing, starvation and disease.Shortly after American troops receives fighting, all of the deaths and all of the lands through all of that a small and new country known as united States of America fought to gain the respect and united colonies are, and of Right ought to be, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES. so in the end they showed that if you put your heart into something and pursue something you believe in than anything is possible no matter what, such as gaining independence from one of the strongest countries in the world.

Compile an Annotated Bibligoraphy for Pro and Con Stances Research Paper

Compile an Annotated Bibligoraphy for Pro and Con Stances - Research Paper Example They argue that a proper implementation of policies may be the solution to reduce gun crime. Benady, D. (2007, November 29). Selling an anti-gun culture. Marketing Week, 24-25. A discussion of gun trade from the perspective of those in the market. Several laws on regulating gun trade is built from the premise of leniency of control, and is tantamount to increase in gun-related hostilities. There is less or a deficiency of considerations made to the effects of the control of legal trade of guns, which brings in millions of dollars in a year. Coalition to Stop Gun Violence & Educational Fund to Stop Gun Violence. (2008). America’s gun shows: open markets for criminals. PEAR’s 6th Annual Leadership Conference. Cambridge, MA: Program in Education, Afterschool & Resiliency. This is a report regarding the increasing prevalence and access of guns, along with the discussion on the perspective that the more prevalent these guns are before the eyes of the public, the greater the degree of control on gun trade. In this line of argumentation, policies in gun control are proposed to lead to a decrease in crime rate. Coleman, K., Jansson, K., Kaiza, P., & Reed, R. (2007). Homicides, firearm offences and intimate violence 2005/2006: Supplementary volume 1 to crime in England and Wales 2005/2006. London, UK: Home Office Statistical Bulletin. This report focuses on statistical evaluations of various trends of crime such as homicide, and other more â€Å"intimate† crimes, such as suicide and parricide. These trends are evaluated in comparison to the data gathered from the police in England and Whales. According to statistics, gun crime victims showed a slight decrease from 75 to 50 from year 2004 to year 2006. Congressional Research Service, Report RS22458. (2008, February 1). Gun control: statutory disclosure limitations on ATF firearms trace data and multiple handgun sales reports. Retrieved from http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RS22458_20080201.pdf This rep ort is an assessment of the implementation of the policy on gun control througout the history of the United States. It aims to show that such a policy has brought about substantial effects to variables such as the increase in gun-related crime, violence, firearm sales, the formation of gangs, and even as far as the increase in the rate of school drop-outs. Cukier, W. and Sidel, V. W. (2006). The global gun epidemic: from Saturday night specials to AK-47s. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. This report is an assessment of gun trade from a global perspective. It seeks to establish the connection between gun trade and crime. The business of firearms and other weapons is most noteworthy in countries that engage in hostilities such crimes against civilians and other international war crimes. The author argues for the implementation of a policy for gun control. Egley, A., Jr., and Ritz, C. E. (2006). Highlights of the 2004 national youth gang survey (fact sheet). Washington, DC : U. S. Department of Justice. This report shows an attempt to strengthen the connection between violence and the ease of accessibility of guns to that of the youth. It was emphasized that the rise of firearm related violence and the incidence of crimes such as robbery, theft, and physical injuries have been the major concern of many. Thus, a proper implementation of

Illegal immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Illegal immigration - Essay Example The end of the Civil War grew the desire to restrict immigration of specific groups to the United States. In 1875, the first statute was passed to restrict immigration which was barring prostitutes and convicts from admission (Nadadur, 2010). Various laws were enacted some to curb the issue of illegal immigration and others to ensure that regardless of their situation the immigrants are not subjected to any discrimination or unfair treatment. Undocumented people go through a lot of discriminations in the United States. Institutions that have been set up by the government are sometimes seen to be the perpetuators of these kinds of injustices (Obama, 2015). From the health sector, education, finance and even housing, they are seen to discriminate against the undocumented regardless of these areas handling the basic needs of any human being. Although these people access the United States without all the required documentation, they deserve to be respected and be treated as human beings. On the health sector, the undocumented also face discrimination. Disease breakouts are sometimes among the reasons why people migrate from their country to the United States. The migration is usually in search of a better health environment but the reception they get at the health facilities is not as they expect. The health insurance and policies available have not put them into consideration making access to health facilities difficult (Rhodes et al., 2015). Yet, access to health services constitutes the main determinant of the quality of life for all human beings. The employment world in the United States is another key area where the undocumented face discrimination. Most of the undocumented are people who come to the United States in search of a better job. Upon their arrival, they may have the qualifications needed to perform a particular task but an American will be given the priority. Once immigrants

Failures of Banks in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Failures of Banks in UK - Essay Example The scope of the project is to explore and understand various issues related to short term bonus culture, UK banking sector with respect to current economic conditions. This will also help in understanding the drawbacks and benefits of the short term programmes. There are various limitations of this study. These limitation ranges from the availability of adequate resources like human, time and finance to the availability of required information and data. Data required for the software gaming industry is difficult to obtain due to complex and unorganised industry structure. The second chapter covers literature review and contains compilations and analysis of previously conducted research studies and other publications having direct or indirect relevance with the present research. The conceptual framework and research gaps will be discussed in this chapter. This chapter provides methodological and procedural presentation of research process and provides research design. The research comprise of qualitative and quantitative methods. The primary data of the research will be collected from the customers using the products and professionals working in the online gaming sector. The self -administered questionnaires will be used for data collection process. The secondary research will be based on information available on various secondary resources. Chapter 4 This chapter is the presentation of all the findings and analysis of the data collected. Chapter 5 This chapter provides conclusion and research implications on the basis of the findings from

Political Ideologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Ideologies - Essay Example Marx’s opinion about ideology and its implications emphasizes on mystification and class system. It is believed by Marxists that the term ideology in politics gained a controversial nature from the fact that it forces interests of the ruling class on society thus class system is made a key element of ideology. The ideas of the ruling class always become the ruling ideas which have to be accepted by those who lack the means of mental production because the ruling class acquires control over the means of mental production also. Regarding the origin of the term ideology, it was first coined during the French Revolution when it was opinioned that political ideology would grow up to become the queen of all sciences. The original meaning of this term lost its value in the coming years to be replaced by Marx’s use of the term and the interest taken by generations of Marxists in the new color ascribed to ideology by Marx explains the popularity of ideology as a key science in modern social and political world. Ideology is also largely thought of as a manifestation of power in that it not only develops a class system but also supports a system of unequal class power in a society. This means that the ideas of the ruling class become an ideology which has to be accepted by those who are less powerful in a society no matter how exploitative the implications of that ideology may turn out to be. The ruling ideas of any age make up an ideology which explains why this term keeps changing colors with every age. Ho wever, in later years the term ideology in politics was separated from any negative connotations like mystification and class position as suggested by Marx which also largely put an end to the cold war between science and ideology. The journey of the term ideology suffered huge ups and down with the emergence of dictatorships like Nazi in Germany and Stalinist in Russia when the scholars began to use the term ideology

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Management as a Regulated Profession - Essay Example The introduction of strict legislative texts, like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the USA, has been proved to be an initial measure for the limitation of fraud in modern organizations (Heier et al., 2005, p.39). In the internal organizational environment, the ability of a firm to prevent fraud is depended on the level of cooperation/ coordination among employees at different levels of the organizational hierarchy. Under these terms, the human resources systems used within a specific organization are considered to be crucial for the success of the organizational initiatives against fraud. It should be noted that the effects of internal fraud on business performance can be differentiated in accordance with the nature of business operations, the business structure and the aims/ objectives of each organization; different assumptions are made in the literature regarding the effects of internal fraud on organizational performance; different plans of action can be suggested for mitigating fraud in firms that operate in various industrial sectors. Greenlee et al. (2007) focus on the relationship between the internal fraud and the type of organizational structure – the emphasis is given on non-profit organizations where ‘the losses due to fraudulent activities can directly reduce resources available to address tax-exempt purposes’ (Greenlee eta, 2007, 676). On the other hand, Levi (2008) notes that the expansion of global crime has been rapid due to the increased ability of ‘would-be perpetrators to recognize and act on specific opportunities’ (Levi, 2008, p.389). From another point of view, the external organizational environment is likely to affect a firm’s ability to control crime – the specific view is supported by Tilley et al. (2008) who emphasize on the difficulty to control crime in organizations that operate in ‘high crime neighbourhoods’ (Tilley et al., 2008, 443).  

Australian Carbon Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Australian Carbon Policies - Essay Example It supports a reporting system on carbon emissions and is the most conspicuous regulation of carbon emissions in use to date. The Australian parliament did introduce a system for controlling the renewal of energy by passing the amendment on the energy targets. It provides that renewable sources of energy will produce approximately 20% of the nation’s electric power by the year 2020 (McKinsey, 2007). 1.1 The Current Legislation for Reporting Carbon Emission Data Since the beginning of the month of July in the year 2008, the Australian government did require that organizations provide precise information about their greenhouse emissions (Unerman, 2007). The state’s legislative body did pass a law for regulating the reporting of emissions from greenhouses under the 2007 act on National Greenhouse reports. The administrators of this piece of legislation are the climate change department. The challenges coming from greenhouse emissions are under the regulation of the Water, Environment, Heritage and Arts division of the government (McKinsey, 2007). The government and various industries across the nation did take a deliberate initiative to regulate the number of emissions through the Greenhouse challenge plus scheme. ... This tax is payable by the large companies that are responsible for the emissions in the environment. It suggests that companies producing more than twenty five thousand tons of carbon should pay a total of twenty three dollars for each ton they produce. The tax proposal has the purpose of providing effectiveness in reducing the costs that the regime incurs in fight against greenhouse emissions (Schaltegger, Burritt and Petersen, 2008). These taxes do assist the administration in collecting information about the major emitters who do not pay up for their mistakes. The finances that come from this tax are usually put to the use of improving public institutions such as hospitals. This proposal does assist the administration in knowing the big carbon emitters within their economies. It also helps the leaders in knowing the amount of carbon emissions in their environment (Gray, 2000). 1.3 The Relationship between the Current and Proposed Carbon Policies and Environmental Management Accou nting. The use of environmental management accounting involves the application of the regular methods of identification, analyzing, managing and reduction of costs. This is done in ways that will benefit both the companies and their surroundings. This form of accounting is useful in identifying the matters affecting the implementation of the policies which aim at reducing the amounts of carbon emissions. These matters include the health crisis and safety problems that arise as a result of the emissions and the ignorance of the companies to the legislation (Gray, 2000).  

Conservatives Placed Their Faith in Pragmatism Essay Example for Free

Conservatives Placed Their Faith in Pragmatism Essay Why, and to what extent, have conservatives placed their faith in pragmatism rather than principle? Pragmatism is the idea that one should take a flexible approach to politics; using an understanding of what is best for the people and what will bring stability, it also is about what is most wanted by the people. An example of this was the post war consensus when consecutive conservative governments didn’t cancel any of the widespread reforms brought in by the labour government of 1945-51. Principle is the complete opposite of pragmatism and is more ideological sticking to a certain view of how society should be and pursuing this. It is a political idea that changes with the times Conservatives have often favoured pragmatic approaches to situations an example being Benjamin Disraeli and his one nation toryism. Prior to this the general consensus about the poor made by early conservatives was that the poor were due to their own mistakes and that it was not the place of others to help them but that they should help themselves. Due to the Disraeli seeing growth of social inequality he came to the conclusion that to ensure social stability and to stem the tide of revolution, the government should take measures to help the poor. This displays conservative pragmatism as it’s a clear example of the conservative thought changing and reacting to events. In Disraeli’s case these events were the French revolution. This shows how pragmatism was held dear to conservative thought. Another Reason conservatives tend to favour the pragmatic approach stems from conservative thinker Michael Oakeshot who argued that societies should not be directed towards certain goals, claiming ideological change is normally radical in nature and can lead tyranny and this should be avoided. However there are cases when ideology has gripped the conservative party, the biggest example could be the new right under Margaret Thatcher. Here the conservative party appeared to break away from just an opposing role and instead began to pursue ideals of a free market; through the selling of national assets such as the railways and the deregulation of the banking system. It also saw a sort of reversal on the post war consensus, reducing the size of the welfare state. Here there was a clear example of principle being the main driving force within the conservative party as many of the actions taken by Thatcher’s government also faced a lot of criticism from many members of the opposition, the public and her own party. However the fact that the government policies of  her day still pursued these principles in the wave of mass public unrest show that these changes weren’t in reaction to any event but simply part of the pursuit of a political ideal. It seemed like the first time the conservative party had actually adopted some form of ideology. This is a clear example of principle being favoured over political ideology. At it’s very nature conservatism changes in regards to the ideology it’s opposing. It’s rooted in the original ideas of Edmund burke and his writings about the French revolution which claimed that radical change is bad and harmful for society. Conservativism right at its origin fears ideology and it’s very nature as it sees ideology and the radical views that tend to follow it as a threat to the balance of society. At it’s heart conservativism isn’t an ideology but simply a political ideas which at it’s very nature is reactive with the main aim of preserving and bringing about gently staggered change rather than radical changes. It could be claimed that the new right weren’t in fact real conservatives and more like classical liberals. But in conclusion it would appear that true conservativism will always favour pragmatism over ideology.

Reviewing The Challenges Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay

Reviewing The Challenges Of Domestic Violence Social Work Essay The widespread of hidden challenges living with violence has occurred in the case study. The Australia National Committee on Violence Against Women 1992, coin the term domestic violence as a means to control women which can result in physical, sexual and or psychological harm, enforced social isolation, economic deprivation and or intimidation, and ultimately causes women to live in fear ( Seeley Plunkett, 2002, p.12). It is essential that I as a counsellor not only recognise domestic violence (DV). I need to understand DV in the context of everyday living, if I am to work with clients or this client. DV is considered to be one of the most common forms of assault, as crime data reveals that assault against the person is a significant offence category, and can happen to anyone however, the problem is often unnoticed, excused, or denied (Holmes et al., 2007). Meanwhile, DV traditionally has been viewed as a private matter and thus not defined as a criminal offence, its incidence has b een difficult to quantify, as the occurrence is geographical in all areas of Australia plus all socioeconomically and cultural groups (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Subsequently the paper has four themes. Social, legal and ethical issues raised. Personally and professionally challenges. An expressed plan for working with this client, in light of the challenges and best practice. A discussion of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation Association (PACFA) code of ethics and related legislations including the usefulness of both in relation to the issues in the case study. Social, Legal and Ethical Issues Raised Domestic violence is a matter of considerable concern; it is difficult to predict the escalation of violence in this situation. Yet, the enduring negative effects of social, legal, and ethical issues of DV in this case study, is a serious problem that is affecting not only the mother, but her children. It would be comforting for her to think that her children are not affected by DV; perhaps she considers the children may be too young to perceive, or understand what is happening. This client is unable to respond appropriately to the childrens needs, because of the impact it is having on herself (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). The statement made by the children, express that they are aware of the violence, and are not fooled by their mothers attempt to conceal it. However, the mother present unawareness in her situation, therefore, her marriage conflicts and fights will have a significant effect on how secure her children feel, in turn significantly affecting their future, and emotional adju stments where they may emulate the violence behaviour, and perceive it as been normal (Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Social issues. The social issue of violence in the family home, is one damaging position in family life that knows no boundaries, it addresses all socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, gender and age boundaries. Social learning theory is widely applied to understanding the impact of DV on children it holds that we learn to be aggressive by observing aggression in others, and individuals raised in a society with violent role models will learn aggressive responses (Bandura, 1973). Thus, this clients modelling, along with her husband plays a distinctive role around their children future behaviour as been learned and reinforced in their childhood directly or indirectly and then carried onto their adulthood as a socialized means of coping with conflict resolution (Bandura, 1973). The childrens social problems of feeling isolated, lacking confidence in their own abilities, developing an understanding of not actuality being able to fit in, have trouble trusting because of the violation of the primary keeping with their parents (Davies, Lyon, Monti-Catania, 1998). Following this, the client as a battered women may include social and financial risk that are essential to her in making a decision to leave; perhaps her thoughts are how she will arrange for herself and her children, where will she find housing, money to feed her family (Davies et al., 1998). Society has the tendency to make judgement on female victims, and survivors of DV, regardless of them feeling utter shame about DV, where they are blaming themselves, understanding of society is that women choose to stay and for that reason it is her fault because she could leave if she wanted Geller, 1992 (as cited in Seeley Plunkett, 2002). Social isolation is another factor, which becomes a powerful factor in abuse, and neglect. Victims pull away physically and emotionally from other family member, friends, and communities in whom they live in order to hide the shame of their interactions, and silence themselves to survive (Kurst Swanger Petcosky 2003). This contribution may be a result of the abusers assertion of power and control, by restricting their victims movements and social contacts or by monitoring them carefully. Gelles, 1997 (as cited in Kurst- Swanger Petcosky, 2003) found the difficulty lies in the fact that where privacy is high, the degree of social control will be low (p.10). Legal issues. A legal response must be justified when victims are subjected to DV, I have a duty to protect, and warn, and willing to breach client- counsellor confidentiality with the inform consent of this client, especially when the safety of others are at risk. Educating this client with the Family Violence Protection Act 2008 (Vic) (FVPA) will allow her to understand FVPA has aims, and objectives to include that non-violence is a fundamental social value, family violence is a fundamental violation of human rights, and that the justice system treat the views of victims of family violence with respect. (Peirce, 2009, para.7). Thru acknowledging this kind of family violence, and the impact on children through the process beyond physical, sexual violence to emotional, psychological, economic abuse, it may extend beyond the overt of exploitation of power imbalances (Peirce, 2009). FVPA states one must maximise safety for children and adults who have experienced family violence, prevent and reduce family violence to the greatest extent possible; and promote the accountability of perpetrators of family violence for their actions (Violence Protection Act 2008 Vic, s.1).The client will then realise that the aim of the family act objective is to provide an effective and accessible system of family violence intervention orders and family violence safety notices; and creating offences for contraventions of family violence intervention orders and family violence safety notices (Violence Protection Act 2008 Vic, s.2). The client does not seem to think that there is any potential danger, regardless of the black eye present Walker, 1987 (as cited in Seeley Plunkett, 2002) suggest that unless safety is addressed then victims are at risk, and for this reason it would benefit the client to know that I am concerned, this client must also understand that Children and Young Persons Act 1998 Vic, states that a child is at risk if the child has been exposed to domestic violence and if the parent has behaved in such a way that the suffered (children) or is at risk of suffering(s.23). The children are aware, so reinforcing this knowledge will help her to stop concealing DV as an accident. Furthermore the law of Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006(Vic) sets out our freedoms, rights and responsibilities, it has the potential to protect clients in DV situation from injustice which will benefit this client, she has the opportunity to participate in and contribute to society(Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 Vic). In doing so there is accountability for the abuser, protection for her, and the children according to their best interest without discrimination, safety needs must take precedence, as families are entitled to protection. This includes counsellors constraining their ethical duties by safeguarding the victims and reporting concerns. Ethical issues. Counsellors have an ethical responsibility to their clients DV situations, because of the ethical dilemmas it presents and the risk in engaging in unethical practice. I must provide a session, and treatment that is ethically sound which takes into an account of acknowledging complete autonomy for the client best interest, and autonomy for her children, counsellors would benefit from the copious knowledge of, and competence that state laws, and ethical standards present in their relevant organization, and association, for me it would be (PACFA). The ethical dilemma in this situation is one of protecting the client and children, thus having to make a decision to where I might have to break confidentiality. Another ethical concern is that I as the counsellor may not have enough experience to handle the complexity of this situation, regardless of my invaluable experience of the impact DV has had on me. Since supervision is an ongoing requirement for counsellors, I would act on supervision immediately to have my performance monitor in order to provide accountability for practice. Ethically if this was to be my first time in treating a DV victim, I would have difficulty in showing her a non- judgemental posture, as her experience may remind me of my own experience, which could possibly interfere. An Analysis of the Challenges Personally and Professionally Personally I would empathise with this client, showing understanding because I know exactly what the challenges of living with violence feels likes. I as a child grew up witnessing the physical and emotional abuse my parents laid on each other. Thus, those effects had a huge impact on my life which took place when I arrived in Australia, not knowing until now why my actions of been disobedient, and uncertain were virtually negative, to the point where I always felt the need to be rescued by power and authority. For that reason, choosing a man who is an expert at empowering total control of emotional and sexual abuse, allowing me to feel so sad, and not knowing what to do, because in the words of my mothers I have made my bed, now I must (lie) in it, as oppose laying in the problem literally lying, the matter is private. I will personally feel the challenge of not being able to get upset and perhaps angry, the challenge of understanding her struggle, fear, doubt and not knowing which way to go, especially if she is still in love with her husband and most of all reliving the experience while she is expressing her shattering experience of living with violence. Professionally I may encounter the challenge of getting my client to admit that she is a Battered woman, due to the fact that she seems to be in denial when she states that her black eye is just an accident. Thus fabricating and distorting her reality perhaps to cope, and protect her children from the overpowering reaction to the abuse that she is receiving. Another challenge is her belief about her children not being in any danger, as they are in bed when the fighting occurs. Nonetheless the most significant challenge is the disclosure from one of her children like when you fight and throw things well that tells me they are being exposed to DV in their own home. A Plan for Working with This Client in Light Of the Challenges and Best Practice In light of the challenges, the plan for this client is to provide a complete therapy which seeks wholly to resolve her fundamental challenges of living with violence, for which she is, seeking, help (McLeod, 2009). This must be done by providing a safe and supportive therapeutic relationship, so that she is able to restore her safety, reconnect too herself, reclaims her control and develops self-efficiency. Including metallise her feelings, and allow herself to experiment with new possibilities for understanding those feelings, thoughts and possible actions that she is struggling with. An approach would seek to find out all the details of her descriptions to DV experience, in the hopes of helping her reach a limit to her identity, experiences, and her known capacities of who she is and what she can do about the situation. Bringing forth awareness and consequently facilitating the potential for change out of the chaos. The plan would benefit the client to be link to multiagency resources that are available in the community and would require myself as the counsellor to form links with both statutory and voluntary agencies, so that the client is provided with a supportive network for victims of DV (Saunders, 2008). Herman, 2001 (cited in Saunders, 2008) states the cardinal principal when working with survivors of DA is safety, because no therapeutic work can proceed until internal and external safety is established (p.85). Thus a meticulous risk assessment must be carried out in order to establish whether the client and her children are in any danger, regardless of the fact she states they are not, hence allowing for any potential danger (Saunders, 2008). My desire for best practice is to improve my counselling skills, help myself before I can help others, and continue to recognise the importance of being empathetic and sincere in my behaviour. I intend to treat all clients with compassion and respect. If I am to work with DV victims, my goal is to help them with their personal, social, interpersonal, legal and practical issues that confront their reality. A Discussion of (PACFA) Code of Ethics, The Relevant Legislations and The Usefulness of The Code in Relation To The issues In the Case Study. PACFA has established a self-regulation and self- governing role for the profession as a whole, the code of ethics is a set of guidelines a framework to support and inform us, ultimately it remains the responsibility of the individual. It allows for belief that one has the right combination of attributes, and skills to help, recognise, and respond to any problem as promised (Schofield, Grant, Holmes, Barletta 2006). The PACFA code does not have a DV code of ethics; however the usefulness of the code represents the official statement of the profession about what is expected of counsellors, as we are held accountable for our  actions that breach the code (Bond, 1993). In analysing the case study, I found the framework of taking a systemic approach of the code to be useful, for it has a contribution to support the ethical dilemmas I faced; this was attended to by acknowledging the ethical principles, and ethical decision making to avoid ambiguity. I found that the ethical principles provided me enough information to explain what I had to do to develop an appropriate attempt to address the moral dilemma of DV, by the usefulness of understanding and respecting complete autonomy for the client, which includes expressing the concerns I have on the autonomy of her children. The usefulness of non-maleficence becomes the responsibilities of me to cause no harm to my client, by providing the appropriate, and explained intervention strategies that will avoid the adverse effects of DV (Bond, 1993). Thus, considering my responsibilities by applying beneficence, and justice, as the code expects us to act in a manner that is not discriminating, this client is entitled to a fair treatment, and if I am unable to help I must provide an option made available (PACFA, 2010). The complexity of the issues raised in the case study is a matter of concern, as the client is in denial towards the potential danger she and her children may be at risk. This was acknowledge by her minimizin g the impact of her partners actions by which she falsified, and distorted the reality of the abuse indicating it is an Accident, perhaps because she is afraid of the abuser and the steps to recovery. Consequently the usefulness of fidelity establishes the client- counsellor relationship which is based on duty to help her feel empowered. I found the information on legislations pertaining to this case study useful to help solve DV from a legal perspective, the government interventions and laws, statutes regulatory policy and governmental mandates. I have found that they serve to establish rules of conducts for individuals and organizations, regardless of the fact that counsellors are unable to mandate DV first hand for battered victims. The usefulness of the orders of protection in victoria is implemented to make civil-legal remedies for the victims and their spouses, as the term and conditions are personalized to suit the victims environment and includes a presumption in favour of a request to remove the perpetrator from the home (FVPA s 82). Abused women, for that reason, need counsellors, psychologist, social workers, nurses, physicians, and lawyers who can assist them to manage resources and who can explain the difficulties they will come across as they try to free themselves from violent relationships (Roberts, 2 002). In conclusion, I have understood that DV is an issue that is clearly seen as a destructive element to the victims and their families that are subjected to abuse. Thus, listening to those who ask for help, is understood by encompassing key professional values related to DV and resolving ethical dilemmas by providing safety, protection, being nonjudgmental, self-determined, confidential and most of all maintaining the clients agenda.

computer history :: essays research papers

Every aspect of our life in this day and age involves technology. At the forefront of the trend is an advanced machine called the computer. Everywhere you turn, you see some facet of its work. Computers link together almost all government and economic fractions of our world with silicon chips and electrical signals. The list of tasks it can perform is amazing. With intricate parts and super fast circuitry, computers are a complex technological wonder. Its history is interesting but its evolution is amazing. From garage size monster machines to 5 pound 3 inch-thick laptops, the computer shapes today’s world. When you say the world â€Å"computer,† most people think of the desktop machine you can play games on and print out your favorite pictures. Early computers however were far different from today’s machines. They were first designed only for simple mathematical problems. Most five-dollar calculators at Wal-Mart could outperform any of the first computers. The first truly digital computer weighed 60,000 pounds. It contained 27,000 vacuum tubes, 4,000 of which had to be replaced every month. Computers since then have gotten smaller and more efficient, resulting in today’s machines. The evolution of computers has come a long way. Think of how important the Internet is. Everyday when you’re taking roll, you’re using the Internet to send your information to the main office. The government uses the Internet to keep in contact with its officials in Middle Eastern countries. Everyday thousands of business transactions are made on the Internet. E-mail has become a major form of communication. Millions of teenagers get online everyday to talk with each other. Kids can interactive with educational websites. All these simple things couldn’t be performed without the Internet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The future for computers has never looked brighter. Imagine a computer that could read your thought waves and respond to exactly what you thought at the exact time you thought it. Virtual reality computer systems could be used to train military pilots, soldiers, and officers. But on another note, an increase in technology would be just another asset on a terrorists list.

Speech :: essays research papers fc

Speech is not just someone’s written or voiced opinions but it is also the way that person tries to express his or her ideas or believes using other meanings. Gestures, signs, paintings, photos, etc†¦are different forms of speech. Our government guarantees free speech but not that anyone can make speech at any time, at any place, and talk about anything. Then this country could be an awful place to live. Imagine that loud noise from speakers and subwoofers from cars that are driven through your neighborhood at two o’clock in the morning; people who stop you in the middle of the road on your way to go to work just to beg for some spare changes or try to sell their products; and that your privacy is no longer exist consequence of people who have secretly placed video cameras in your home to see what things you like or dislike, or perhaps recording and selling your bed-room-stories. Fortunately, we don’t have to deal with those headaches; the First Amendment does not protect people from making loud noise after dark, slowing or stopping your car at the intersections, and intruding your privacy. Such activities are subject to arrests and punishable by laws. The First Amendment also does not protect people from exploiting child pornography, making threats, using fighting words, and inciting to riot. The Supreme Court has explained: Such utterances are no essential part of any exposition of ideas, and are of such slight social value as steps toward discovery of truth that any benefit derived from them is outweighed by society’s interest in order and morality.( Klotter and Kanovitz 48) The government as well put some of the protected speeches on restrictions. A billboard is placed at the turning point of a curved road; someone hangs a garage sale ad on the traffic light so other people can see it easier; or organizing a religious assembly to walk through downtown at rush hour. Although those are good ideas to catch other people attentions but they also post many side-effect hazards, like distractions caused by looking at the billboard instead of concentrating to turn the vehicle; other people may look at the ad on the traffic light instead of the lights or it may block one’s view of the light; and marching through downtown at rush hour causes traffic congestions and frustration amongst tired people who just finished their work day, thus more troubles can be occurred.

The Male/Female Addiction Essay -- Soap Operas Wrestling Media Essays

The Male/Female Addiction I know what you are all thinking, but no I'm not writing about sex. Actually, my subject is far from it. Ever since I was a young lad my mother forced me to watch Guiding Light, a classic soap opera currently in its thirty-eighth season. Then one day I saw some men, or should I say finely tuned athletic machines, running around the "squared circle" literally beating the crap out of each other. I had discovered my newfound love, the World Wrestling Federation, more commonly know as the WWF. I have fond memories of lying on my bed on Sunday morning thinking of ways to convince my mother that I was sick so I could stay home from church and watch wrestling. Needless to say, wrestling may have dominated my life, but Guiding Light still had a grasp on a corner of my heart. Professional wrestling is the male equivalency of female-orientated soap operas. Both professional wrestling and soap operas share similar plot constructions by forming groups of family and/or friends that share the longing to reach a particular goal by one-upping their enemies. On Guiding Light, parallel groups consisting of the Spauldings and the Lewises are constantly plotting to undermine and thereby eliminate the other from being the cities number one power. Both families consider themselves to be far superior to each other and are constantly wrestling, no pun intended, for the most power and control over Springfield. The Spalding mansion looms elegantly on the hill, its stark white pillars framing the very confines of its vast contents. The manicured green lawn and professionally landscaped grounds helps to prepare the caller for the pretentious, cavalier attitude of its occupants. Reeking of old money, they are raised by nannies... ...he same goes for professional wrestling and its core characters. In an apparent effort to mirror real life, the classic evil characters tend not to change their spots and the upstanding, integrity-based citizens of the community are expected to attempt to persevere against this predictable, on going onslaught of assailants. Ultimately, once all of the elements are explored it is easy to see that soap operas and professional wrestling have much more in common than meets the eye. Soap Operas and professional wrestling share similar plot constructions, qualifications for "actors," fan bases, and are easily picked up when you miss an episode. This is why professional wrestling is the male equivalency to female-oriented soap operas.I would like to see a more sophisticated reiteration of this claim of fact. At lease an attempt to find different words would be helpful.

Watching Emptiness

Whenever I walk to the track before a meet, when nobody else is there, I feel a sense of mystery. A mystery of what is going to happen right here, in this precise place, at the precise time. It feels like nothing exciting could happen here because it is so quiet and serene. But anything can happen. Anything good, anything bad, maby. The first thing I think of when I walk up to the empty track is how quiet it is now. But thinking ahead, I know how loud and exciting it is going to be. Now I can just hear my slow footsteps on the track, but soon, I will be able to hear my competitors' racing steps behind me, along with the cheering crowd. I also hear an occasional car drive along on the driveway nearby, but I know that they are not seeing what I am seeing because not too many people are drawn to an empty track in the early morning. Only those who like the mystery and potential it holds. I feel comfortable being alone at the track. I like how I can do anything, and no one would see me. No one is running with me, no one is watching. Everything is played out in my imagination, like a play of what it is going to be before the day ends. I can feel the flexible track under my feet, both now and in my imagination, but then, I am running hard with my racing spikes on instead. Thinking of the future, I can feel the wind racing by my face as I speed along, but now I only feel a slight breeze. When I look around, I see nothing obviously stimulating, but I start to get excited and nervous anyway. Even though there is nothing to see but an empty track and bleachers, I can see the competition already . . . I can see myself on the track, running my favorite race, and coming out of top. I can see my relay team and I, racing head to head against our rivals. Then I can see us start to pull ahead and finally win the race, leaving our competitors behind us. I can see potential for good things to happen. I can see all this by just looking at this empty track, when no one else can see it . . . yet. There are no people moving about like I normally would see at a track. I don't see competitors lined up, ready to race. But instead, there is nobody and nothing on the track, except for a few lone hurdles and race markers. The dew on the infield is uninterrupted, with only the coming sun to melt it away. The bleachers are still wet with last night's rain, and they don't look ready to hold the crowd for today's meet. But as the rest of the team walks up behind me onto the track, I know that we are ready.

Manchester United Ltd

1. 0 INTRODUCTION Whether, we realized it or not, from the moment we are brought in this world and growing up in our everyday live we are living in and going through a life a full of organization with a certain mission and goal to achieve. We can take something that is truly close to our heart as an organization, our dearest family. A family has a systematic structure as an organization; we have our father who sit at the top and make most of the important decision, our mother who is second in command.And also their children who assist in accomplish the goal and purpose. Even thought this is just how I see a successful organization, but what is truly the meaning of organization thought the eye of a book. An organization defines as a systematic arrangement of people brought together to accomplish some specific purpose. A common characteristic of organization are have a distinct goal and purpose, comprise people working together to accomplish certain objectives, a systematic structure a nd an aim to serve the society.Through this assignment we are going to look into an organization of a company and look through all the characteristics in making them an organization. For my organization I have chosen Manchester United Football Club Limited as my choice of organization. Almost all part of the world, where ever you step your feet in this world people will recognize the global brand of Manchester United so this include them as one of the biggest organization in the world. The reason I choose Manchester United because of my passion for this club and my enthusiasm in football as a leading market in sport or maybe even the world.Other than that, Manchester United is also a perfect family oriented company, where their responsibilities is not just for the owner, director and staff but also to the supporters and fans of the club who gave almost everything to our beloved club. They have the obligate not just for the owner and director but also to the fans. MANCHESTER UNITED F OOTBALL CLUB LIMITED 2. 0 Introduction The club was formed as Newton Heath L&YR F. C. in 1878 as the works team of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot at Newton Heath, changing its name to Manchester United in 1902.Prior to the 2005 takeover by the Glazer family the company had traded as Manchester United plc on the London Stock Exchange since 1991 and prior to flotation was registered as Manchester United Football Club Limited. Manchester United is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world. As of July 2011, the club is number one in Forbes magazine's annual ranking of the world's 50 most valuable sports teams, valued at $1. 86  billion. 2. 1 Nature of business Manchester United business revenues come in from mainly five sources: 1.Match-day Income (money made from home games through ticket sales and other match-day activities) 2. Broadcasting Rights 3. Commercial Tie-ups (sponsorships, etc) 4. Merchandise 5. Catering Manchester United main nature of business is football. Ticketing for Football matches play a big part in generating income for Manchester united. And with this Old Trafford was build to accommodate football matches for Manchester united. With Old Trafford's having capacity boosted to 75,800. The crowds of about 250,000 should generate match day revenue of ? 2. 8m on each occasion, more than ? . 1m of that figure from corporate sales. And with match-day ticket prices having doubled since over the past few years, United can make a bulk of their earning through ticket sales. As we all know football match is play on television all around the world and Manchester United is not excluded from this. In England the Football Association is the one responsible in collectively sells TV rights for the English football club. Because higher league placement results in a greater share of television rights, success on the field generates greater income for the club.Since the inception of the Premier League, Manchester Un ited has received the largest share of the revenue generated from the  BSkyB  broadcasting United have also significantly income in their Commercial revenue, through sponsorship deals with AON and NIKE. Also the whopping ? 10m/yr training kit deal with DHL given that the AON deal for the jersey itself is ? 20m/yr. Manchester United has also consistently enjoyed the highest commercial income of any English club. The club's commercial arm generated ? 51  million. A key sponsorship relationship is with sportswear company  Nike, who manage the club's merchandising operation as part of a ? 03  million 13-year partnership established in 2002. Through  Manchester United Finance  and the club's membership scheme,  One United, those with an affinity for the club can purchase a range of branded goods and services. Additionally, Manchester United-branded media services – such as the club's dedicated television channel,  MUTV  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ have allowed the club to expand its fan base to those beyond the reach of its Old Trafford stadium. Other than that, the opening of red devils cafe at the stadium and around the world helps in exploring a new kind of business and also revenues.Figure 1. 1 Manchester United: Revenue source and percentages 2. 2 Country of origin. Manchester United was formed in Newton Heath, United Kingdom in 1878 as Newton Heath LYR Football Club by the Carriage and Wagon department of the  Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway depot. But the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to  Old Trafford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom in 1910. 2. 3 How long has it been in business? Manchester United was formed is 1878 and it is still operating of as now. So the company have been in business for 134 years. . 4 How global is the company. Manchester United globalization is a very special one indeed. Football main customers in business are the fans, Manchester United is not just broaden England but across the world i n that fact. But how did this happen? From a small railway team into one of the leading global brand in the world. It all started in 1956, Manchester  United  became the first English club to take part in the European cup, a competition that are watch all over the world, thru this showing the growth in the club and how it is started in becoming ore global and In 1968 Manchester  United  became the first English club to win the European cup and opening the eyes of people. Since that, Manchester United have been a hugely dominating force in the worlds scene, in England, in Europe, and ultimately around the world. Another reason is the ownership of the club. Manchester  United  generally tended to be owned by hundreds of shareholders, primarily from the UK and Ireland. However in 2005, after J. P. McManus  and John  Magnier (two Irish men) sold their shares in the club to Malcolm  Glazer he brought his stake in the club up to 75%, thus gaining control.Glazer is an Ame rican business tycoon, this contributed in the spread of Manchester United  to America. The globalization of Manchester  United  can certainly be seen through the companies that sponsor the club. Out of the 12 main sponsors of the club, not one is British, instead coming from America, Germany, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, China, Korea, Malaysia and the Middle East. We can also see the globalization thru the squad Manchester united, out of 30 players, 17 are not from the UK, instead, coming from places such as Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Serbia and Bulgaria, amongst others.We take Park Ji Sung as an example, a Korean player. Park is a mega star in his home country and thus has increased Manchester United's fan base significantly in Korea, and Asia. But there were other events that contribute to the Manchester United Globalization such as the Munich Air Disaster in 1958, were the Manchester united plane crash after a match in Munich. People felt sorry for the club and public heart was touched thus creating more fan base. 2. 5 Market values Estimated value: $1. 83 billion (? 1. 19 million)United have reaped the financial benefits of lucrative sponsorship deals with the likes of Nike and Aon, as well as a myriad of other income-generating endeavours such as their in-house television channel MUTV, which is currently beamed into over 190 million households worldwide to secure themselves an estimated global value of over $1. 8 billion (? 1. 1 billion). United are thought to have upwards of 333 million followers across the world, with a core contingent of 139 million supporters 2. 6 Top management of the company Owner: Glazer family via Red Football Shareholder Limited[136] * Honorary president:  Martin Edwards[137] Manchester United Limited * Co-chairmen:  Joel Glazer  &  Avram Glazer[138] * Chief executive:  David Gill[138] * Chief operating officer: Michael Bolingbroke[138] * Commercial director: Richard Arnold[139] * Chief of Staff: Ed Woodward[140] * Non-executive directors:  Bryan Glazer, Kevin Glazer, Edward Glazer & Darcie Glazer[138] Manchester United Football Club * Directors:  David Gill,  Michael Edelson,  Sir Bobby Charlton,  Maurice Watkins[140] * Club secretary:  John Alexander[141] Global ambassador:  Bryan Robson[142] Coaching and medical staff * Manager:  Sir Alex Ferguson[143] * Assistant manager:  Mike Phelan[144] * First team coach:  Rene Meulensteen[145] * Goalkeeping coach:  Eric Steele[146] * Fitness coach:  Tony Strudwick[147] * Reserve team manager:  Warren Joyce[148] 2. 7 Shareholders. Malcolm Glazer is a US based businessman who bought 100% of Manchester United PLC and delisted United from the London Stock Exchange in 2005, through a holding company called Red Football. The Glazers purchased their first share of Manchester United on 2 March 2003, spending around ?   million on a 2. 9% stake. On 26 September 2003, it was reported that he had increased his share to 3. 17%,  tak ing his shareholding above the 3%. By 20 October, he had increased his shareholding to 8. 93%,  and on 29 November it was reported that he owned around 15%. On 12 February 2004, Glazer increased his stake in the club to 16. 31% and the following day's  Financial Times  reported that he had instructed  Commerzbank  to explore a takeover bid. Glazer increased his shareholding to over 19% the following June, although he was still not the largest shareholder.His shareholding continued to increase, nearing 30% by October 2004. Upon reaching 30%, Glazer would have to launch a formal takeover bid. On 12 May 2005, Glazer reached an agreement with  shareholders  J. P. McManus  and  John Magnier  to purchase their 28. 7% stake in the team, giving him a controlling stake with just under 57% of the team's shares. He then managed to secure the stake of the third largest stakeholder, Scottish mining entrepreneur Harry Dobson, taking his share to 62% of the club. Just hours lat er, Glazer had bought a further 9. 8% stake taking his total ownership to 71. 8%.On 16 May 2005, Glazer took his shareholding in Manchester United to 75%, allowing him to end the club's  public limited company  (PLC) status and delist it from the  London Stock Exchange, which he did on 22 June. On 14 June 2005, Glazer successfully increased his share in the club to 97. 3%, sufficient for full control. On 28 June, he increased his share to 98%, enough for a compulsory buyout of all remaining shareholders. The final valuation of the club was almost ? 800  million. 2. 8 Stakeholders Manchester United has a number of stakeholders. Stakeholders are an individual or group with a direct interest in an organisations performance.The main stakeholders are the employees, owners, customers, suppliers, financer, fans and the local community. Manchester United employees apart from the football players also consist of   employees that are responsible in sales, marketing, communication, h uman resources and finance. These departments exist in football clubs as well as in traditional companies. From the employees their main interests are to get pay rises and to get better training, the team players for example want better training so they can perform better and more effectively.The fans main interests are, that Manchester United play good games, watch good players and win as much possible, and the owners get more profit. The main interests of the financers, example the sponsors wants to make sure there brand name gets advertised and their company logo is seen on the players shirts, they also want a team that wins the matches so that their company can be associated with a winning champion team. The suppliers are also stakeholders and their main interests are that Manchester united keep-purchasing products from them so they will be making lots of profits. . 9 Corporate Social Responsibilities. The Club’s mission is to be the best football club in the world, both on and off the pitch. It also believes that Manchester United should be a part of the community in the widest sense and that its success should not only be measured in the number of trophies it wins, but also by the impact it has on the community in which it exists. Manchester United as it has taken great strides towards achieving a number of off-field goals which have supported its ambition to be a socially integrated and responsible organisation.Manchester United is committed to tackling environmental and social issues at regional, national and international level, using the Manchester United brand to leverage support and create awareness of the issues facing the planet. Here is some of Manchester United CSR program: 1. Hub of the Community: Hub schools are based in secondary schools within Partington, Wythenshawe and Salford. Each has up to 12 feeder primary schools and the structure of the programme allows for a long term relationship to be developed. The participants benefit fr om consistent provision with sessions being delivered both within and in addition to the curriculum. . Something to Chew On: An interactive project aimed at teaching 7-8 year olds about their own health and wellbeing. 3. Premier Men’s Health: Aims to use football to deliver key messages about health and encourage men over 18 to lead a healthier lifestyle. 4. KICKZ: The Foundation has run KICKZ since 2006. The project uses the power of football and the appeal of the Manchester United brand to target hard to reach and challenging communities. The project aims to create safer, stronger and more respectful communities by developing young people’s potential. 5. Girls Centre of Excellence:The Manchester United Foundation Girl’s FA Centre of Excellence aims to provide opportunities for girls to play at the highest level, with the eventual view of developing them into international players. 6. Disability Centre of Excellence: The Foundation runs a Centre of Excellence f or disabled players in partnership with the Manchester FA, with the specific aim of developing the more talented players from the Ability Counts leagues into the national squads. 2. 10 Employees Being successful off the pitch as well as on it requires Manchester United to have employees who are as committed to the success of the company.Manchester United currently employing around 505 people including manager, backroom staff and players. 3. 0 Conclusion Manchester United can be proud of every achievement that came in their way. Started from only a railway football team that focus just to play some football into one of the biggest football team, company and brand in the world. The dedication and spirit of the players and community to see their team perform at the highest level is truly something to be wandered, although have nothing to gain from it just pride that came in their mind.From the management of the company to the staff and players, they all made this happen. Without the pe rformance of the football player in the pitch, the organization of the backroom staff and also the fans all of this cannot be achieve, Manchester United is truly a one united company. As conclusion, of course if given an opportunity to work with them it will be a big pleasure. Although not as a footballer but as Director or Head of Marketing Strategy ( Asia) will be an honour for myself.

Microenvironment in australia

First of all we would have to define microenvironment as those properties over which organizations have control or elements which they have that enables them gain information on their marketing operations. This is to say that, information gotten can be used to provide an improved customer service because the purpose of this study is to make profits through customer satisfaction. Manipulations are made in ways to achieve the objective of the organization. In other words, we can say that micro environment provides the force with which organizations act towards customer satisfaction; any change in any of these forces would lead to the re-studying of the marketplace. Nevertheless, the issue behind this study is to check how it affects retailing in the food industry in Australia and it is one of the factors that are considered when it comes to food retailing. HOW MICROENVIRONMENT IN AUSTRALIA AFFECTS FOOD RETAILILNG Food retailing in Australia is a fast growing one and it is no doubt that industries are seeking better way to meet up with customer satisfaction. This is the driving force behind the carrying out of consumer research. Microenvironment in Australia has affected food retailing to a great state. Competition: One of the effects is that it made the industry to be very competitive. Organizations are doing everything in their power to make sure that they stay in touch with their customers. As the competition increases, there are more advantages to the customers. Consumer Voice: It has created room where customers could provide feedback on a particular product or company. This study, gives organization ideas on how to restructure their services towards customers. Quality Output: Microenvironment in Australia has made organizations to increase the quality of output being rendered to consumers. Consumers are able to have access to quality products. Provision of Threat Analysis: Microenvironment also provides organizations possible threats in the market place that would reduce their profit or rate at which consumers purchasing their products. One of those threats is threats that could come from products that consumers can comfortably use as a substitute to their products. Checking threats that could also come from rival organizations and threat. This study also enables the study of the bargaining power of both suppliers and consumers. Mode of Distribution: Microenvironment has also provided a better form of distribution. Giving a better idea of the networks to be followed in other to make sure that products reach the final customer. The modes of distributive market place change from time to time but in a very slow way. Therefore the inability of organization to recognize these changing factors would affect their mode of distribution. MACROENVIRONMENT IN AUSTRALIA Coming to macro environment, we would provide a definition so as to give us a better understanding of the topic. Another word that can be best used to define macro environment is environmental scanning and environmental scanning can be said to be the concept of a business management use by business organizations to gather in formations in other to have a better competitive advantage. There is a need for organizations to gather information from environmental canning by hanging the plans and strategies for the aim of gaining advantage. Scanning can be carried out in different modes and reason. There could be a requirement for market study due to arising emergency cases. Studies could also be done on a regular base, perhaps once a year and also on a continuous basis. The results gotten from this studies allow the organization to act quickly, be the first to take action before their competitors recognize an opportunity and also respond to any environmental threats. Macro environment also has to do with wider studies of factors of organization and how it affects their day-to-day operation. These factors are: The political and legal environment: For some food retailing, political and legal concerns are put in mind by companies. Political issues and legal issues arising in Australia affect the mode of food retailing. The policies made by the government on imports on raw materials also affect the price of some food products. The economic environment: the issues behind economic factors are of great concerns to firm because it states the price of food products. When the economic status of a community is low, it reduces the purchasing power. That is why the economic factors is likely related and dependent on political and legal factors. The socio-cultural environment: This is a very dynamic part of study in macro environment because it has to do with changing properties of a consumer. These changes can be taste, priorities and purchasing behavior. Knowing the particular type of products need by customers on a social period and needs according to beliefs and cultural practices. The technological environment: Technological factor put into the products determines the mode of retail. These areas could be technology for production and logistics. The affects food retailing. RELATION BETWEEN 4Ps AND FOOD RETAILING First of all we would have to look into organizational marketing. There to main types of marketing and there are known as: Strategic marketing: This is the attempts made by organization on how   the level of competition in the market place.this is with the aims at generating a competitive advantage relative to its competitors. Operational marketing: This is the strategy that deals with the satisfaction of customers and increasing the value gotten from them, as well as to satisfy the customer with prompt services and meeting the customer expectations. It is in the area that we hve to talk about the 4Ps. 4Ps in the world of marketing is stands for: Product: This is the area of marketing that deals with the type of products and how it relates and benefits the intending consumers, checking if it meets up with their expectation and satisfaction. This area carries properties like guaranties and warranties and after sales support. The area of products says a lot on food retailing because it states the particular kind of products that would be provided for the consumers. It states the products that are higher in demand and aids organizations produce these substitute products with better properties in other to compete with organizations are also in the same market place. Price: This is where we talk about setting a price for the product and also not forgetting about discounts. This usually comes classified in monetary forms and any other modes that can be used in exchanging good and services. Pricing a product is also another factor that goes with food retailing. This tells the price that is both comfortable for both the company and the consumer to purchase and own the products. Promotion: These are the steps taken to promote products, brand or company. Possible ways could be through advertising of the product, sales promotion, and creating publicity on the product, brand or company, personal selling or branding. Promotion increases the awareness of products to consumers. It makes them to understand the type of products and its contents and qualities. It also creates the awareness of it availability and products location. So I believe that this part of the 4Ps has a lot to do with food retailing. Placement: This area determines how a product gets to the final consumers. In other words, we are talking about distribution, place the product here it could be of a better reach to the customer and a place where it would bring about revenue to the organization. Placement does a lot to food retailing by stating various factors that leads to the success of the products sale. It dictates the level of penetration in the market, stating how many stores that have the products in them. It also gives types of outlets and channels to use. It gives an idea on the level of competition in the marketplace and also aids the geographical factors. These 4Ps have a lot to do when it comes to food retailing. This is because there alter the rate and mode in which food retailing takes. CONLUSION In conclusion of this whole issue, they is a great level of competition in the food industry marketplace and companies are applying effort to gain a competitive advantages over other competitors. Ways, which are used, are studies carried out through microenvironment and macro environment. These studies gives them better ideas on how to stay in contact with their customers and increase the rate of purchase from them. Microenvironment, deals with the issue of consumer studies and development of better ways to increase the rate of service and satisfaction rendered to them in the food industry. Macro environment deals with wider studies on higher factors that affect food retailing. Such factors are the political and legal environment, the economic environment, the socio-cultural environment and, the technological environment. The study of theses factors and environment contributes to the direction which food retailing follows. REFERENCES Brandenburger, A.M. and Nalebuff, B.J. (1995), â€Å"The Right Game: Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy†, Harvard Business Review, Jul-Aug, pp.57-71 Coyne, K.P. and Sujit Balakrishnan (1996), â€Å"Bringing discipline to strategy†, The McKinsey Quarterly, No.4 Grant, R.M. (2005), â€Å"Contemporary Strategy Analysis†, Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford (U.K.), 2005 Porter, M.E. (1979) â€Å"How competitive forces shape strategy†, Harvard Business Review, March/April 1979. Porter, M.E. (1980) â€Å"Competitive Strategy†, The Free Press, New York, 1980. Porter, M.E. (1985) â€Å"Competitive Advantage†, The Free Press, New York, 1985. Hunger, J. David & Wheelen, Thomas L. (2003) â€Å"Essentials of Strategic Management†. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.   

How Your Personal Personal Preferences, Attitudes, Heritage and Beliefs Might Impact on Working Practice Essay

I work in the care industry and have clients and honour other people’s religion or non religion that I look after that have had a totally different upbringing that myself. Some of these clients have dementia, I was raised in a different country with different beliefs. I had a traumatic upbringing but I cannot ever let my clients know about what my beliefs and life experiences are about. I through my experience with working in this environment have learnt that I have had to research other religions and beliefs and have learnt to respect all people and their beliefs. Prayers are a daily thing for me even though this was not taught to me in my earlier years. Religion affects people in many different ways mainly because we all come from different backgrounds and were all taught differently. It is therefore very important to respect and honour their personal beliefs. Some want to go to church on Sundays and others do not want to speak about church at all and I must respect the fact that they do not want to speak about anything about the Church. It is part of the work that I do to make sure my clients are happy and therefore am conscious at all times that they feel comfortable about anything they want to talk to me about. It is most important to remember that my own preferences are different to others and that I can never expect others to think, act and feel the same as I do. For example, I like to bath at night and shower in the morning but some of my clients fear water and they really hate the idea of being showered, washed or bathes even once a week. I have to respect their decision but at the same time I need to encourage them to maintain a healthy and clean state of mind and body. I in cases like this will spend more time encouraging the client that they will feel better and not try and tell them how I feel when I am clean and fresh. I must always remember having grown up in a different country that my culture is totally different from the Country that I have now adopted myself, even to the degree of holidays. In this country most people have enjoyed 2 or more holidays a year through their younger years, mainly due to the weather, I therefore try and encourage people to remember the happy times of their lives and holidays I have found form a large part of early life memories, unlike myself having only had one holiday in my life with my parents and from memory not a happy holiday but I am always mindful to keep the focus on my clients and not ever on my personal circumstances. I luckily have in my life always believed that we never mix our home lives with our business or professional lives and am very blessed today to be able to keep the 2 totally apart as I am also blessed to be in a job where you need to build amazing relationships with the amazing people I am working with and therefore when I work I have trained myself that nothing is about me it is all and only about the client so I have learnt to work totally centring on the person, their culture, their beliefs and heritage and this takes away responsibility from myself that I could or might be tempted to get people or encourage people to try and believe in my beliefs.

Creole linguistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creole linguistics - Essay Example Further studies shows that they have some aspects of their source grammar, however. Caribbean writer Kamau Brathwaite introduced the term creolisation and since then, both Caribbean and non Caribbean researchers have begun a quest for further studies. Rex Nettleford, Sidney Mintz and Sally Price are some of the persons who have made contributions. Creole has become field of study in linguistics and in the region as well. The definition of creole varies. Its meaning can range from language type to cultural and racial identification. To arrive at a basic definition one has to examine the historical nature. Many writers have theorized the origin of the term creole. Some claim that it is connected to Spanish and or Portuguese language while others trace it back to Africa. There exists a common pattern, however, in creolisation. Creole has also a racial and cultural connotation. In the nineteenth century creole could mean a white person born outside of Europe in the colonies. It could also refer to a Jamaican, or also a person of mixed race. There were also negative attitudes towards creoles. Some whites born in Europe believed the creoles to be inferior. On the other hand the creole blacks thought themselves superior to the newly arrived Africans. The creole population was soon to be identified by new culture and attitudes. Creoles were also identified by their adaptation to the new environment outside of Africa. Eventually creole became synonymous with nationalism. Theorists disagree on the definition of creole culture. Some theorists point to Voodoo and Rastafarian religions as elements of creolisation while others parallel the afro Caribbean culture on a whole with creolisation. In order to arrive at a compromise one has to examine certain principles. One of the main principles involves moving away from the search for origin and focusing instead on the available